{"id":1995,"date":"2016-06-01T04:00:01","date_gmt":"2016-06-01T08:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.woodturningpens.com\/?p=1995"},"modified":"2016-05-30T17:32:21","modified_gmt":"2016-05-30T21:32:21","slug":"koa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.woodturningpens.com\/koa\/","title":{"rendered":"Koa"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Geographical Distribution<\/strong><\/h2>\n

The Hawaiian wood commonly known as Koa is known to botanists and other scientists as Acacia koa<\/em>.<\/p>\n

The range of A. koa<\/em> extends from longitude 154° to 160° W; its latitude ranges from 19° to 22° N. It is found on all six of the major islands of the Hawai’ian chain: Hawaiʻi, Molokaʻi, Maui, Lānaʻi, Oʻahu, and Kauaʻi, while the largest populations are found on Hawaiʻi, Maui, and Oʻahu.<\/p>\n

A. koa<\/em> trees are found nowhere else in the world outside of these six geographically isolated islands.<\/p>\n

\"Koa

Koa Sideview<\/p><\/div>\n

A closely related species Acacia koaia<\/em> is found in dry areas of the Hawai’ian Islands, but as it has been much more heavily impacted and damaged by the cattle industry, it is now rare.  The most significant remaining stocks of this rare tree can be seen in the remote North Kohala region found on the far northeast coast of the main island, Hawai’i. The wood of A. koaia<\/em> is denser, harder, and more finely grained than A. koa<\/em> wood.<\/p>\n

The only other Pacific islands that support an endemic Acacia<\/em> species are the islands of the nation of Vanuatu, formerly known as the New Hebrides while under the joint rule of France and the United Kingdom.<\/p>\n

The species most closely related to A. koa<\/em> is A. heterophylla<\/em>, from the incredible distant island of Réunion located in the southern Indian Ocean, relatively close to the mega-island of Madagascar.<\/p>\n

Acacia species are most common in Australia and it is believed that both A. koa <\/em>and A. heterophylla<\/em> are descended from Acacia melanoxylon<\/em>, commonly known as Australian Blackwood.<\/p>\n

The incredibly wide dispersal range is believed to be the result of seed carrying by long distance flying ocean birds such as the petrel. Both A. koa<\/em> and A. heterophylla<\/em> prosper in similar environments, which are very different from the environment favored by the presumed parent species A. melanoxylon.<\/em><\/p>\n

A. koa<\/em> is a nitrogen fixing plant and as such it is one of earliest colonizers of lava flow areas as it thrives in this hard and acidic soil, promoting the breakdown of the lava into fertile soils through the addition of nitrogen which makes it a vital component of the ecology of volcanic islands.<\/p>\n

A very detailed analysis of Koa ecology<\/a> is available at no charge from the Pacific Southwest Research Station of the Forest Service under the auspices of the United States Department of Agriculture.<\/p>\n

For the sake of simplicity and common understanding, from this point forward I will refer to A. koa<\/em> by its common name of Koa.  Some sources refer to Koa by the redundant Hawai’ian Koa but I will use the simpler form.<\/p>\n

General Characteristics<\/strong><\/h2>\n

The color of Koa wood is quite variable but in general most samples tend to be of a medium golden or reddish brown color.  Many people consider the color to be similar to true Mahogany of the Swietenia sp<\/em>, most of which is heavily over-exploited and vigorously protected.<\/p>\n

One reason for the wide appeal of Koa is due to the common presence of contrasting bands of color in the growth rings which create a very attractive and unusual visual appearance when compared to woods of similar color.  An even more desirable color characteristic is the appearance, again not uncommonly, of boards with distinctive ribbons or streaks of color.<\/p>\n

But the most desirable and therefore the most potentially astronomically expensive pieces of Koa are those with pronounced wavy and\/or curly grain patterns.  These patterns in Koa in particular are not especially rare but as overall supplies of Koa are limited, those pieces with pronounced figure are especially prized by users for many different purposes, but especially for use as tonewoods in very high-end stringed instruments ranging from guitars to ukuleles.<\/p>\n

The grain of Koa is usually slighted interlocked, which can create difficulties in some machining processes, especially those involving a plane.  As noted above, the grain may also be wavy.<\/p>\n

The texture of unsurfaced Koa tends to be medium to coarse.<\/p>\n

\"Koa

Koa Interior<\/p><\/div>\n

The endgrain of Koa tends to present as diffuse and porous, with large to very large pores in no specific arrangement.  These large pores may require filling if a perfectly smooth finished surface is desired.<\/p>\n

Rays in the endgrain may be visible with the use of a lens but they are not visible to the naked eye.  Even with a lens the rays are very faint although they can be of a reddish color.<\/p>\n

Koa is not resistant to fungal rot, being rated as non-durable to outright perishable.  In addition, Koa is susceptible to termite attack.  Koa is not a good choice for exterior applications due to these characteristics but given the rarity of the material such uses would seem uncommon as well as unwise.<\/p>\n

Working Characteristics<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Koa is almost always reported to be easy to work with all hand and machine powered tools and equipment.  Koa also usually sands quite well to a very fine finish.  However, there are exceptions to this general trend and is so often the case with woods of any species, pieces of Koa that display the much prized heavy figures of curl or wavy grain patterns often also have heavily interlocked grain.<\/p>\n

Interlocked grain can be extremely difficult to plane or otherwise machine without tearing or chipping occurring and this is especially heartbreaking when it occurs in the most stunning pieces of Koa.  There are no certain solutions to this problem, but patience and extremely sharp tools are an excellent start as is awareness of the potential problem so that corrective measures can be taken.  With Koa especially it pays, quite literally, to research the wood you intend to work with before starting your project to be better aware of known pitfalls as well as potential solutions.<\/p>\n

Some experts have reported problems with gluing Koa but this appears to be uncommon.  Koa is known to stain and finish quite well.<\/p>\n

Most relevant to my purposes, Koa is known to be an excellent turning wood.<\/p>\n

Koa has no characteristic odor when cut.<\/p>\n

Pricing and Availability<\/strong><\/h2>\n

As noted in the beginning of this fact sheet, Koa is only found on six of the Hawai’ian islands and the tree has been heavily harvested over time.  Simply put, Koa is difficult to find in any great size and when you can find it you will pay a high price.  In addition, shipping from Hawai’i is never cheap so when added to the price of the wood itself, obtaining a delivered piece of Koa is an expensive endeavor.  In fact, Koa is easily one of the most expensive domestic hardwoods you can choose.<\/p>\n

Unfortunately, none of my most commonly used and trusted suppliers of turning woods: West Penn Hardwoods<\/a>, Bell Forest Products<\/a>, NC Wood<\/a>, TurningBlanks.net<\/a>, and WoodTurningz<\/a> of Indiana offer Koa at all.<\/p>\n

Most vendors of Koa are located, predictably enough, in Hawai’i and as I indicated above, this will result in expensive shipping, although the increasing use of Priority Mail flat rate boxes by wood vendors does help, but the use of those boxes also inherently limits the sizes of Koa that you can obtain for a reasonable shipping cost.<\/p>\n

The only time I have purchased Koa, aside from some pen blanks when I was in Hawai’i on vacation (this is an excellent way to buy Koa as you can see it in person and simply carry it back in your luggage for little to no additional cost, provided you are in Hawai’i for some other reason of course) was from a Florida vendor, Exotic Woods USA.  I have purchased multiple species from this vendor and the quality is acceptable but it certainly is not of the caliber of the other vendors I have listed above.  However, when searching for a wood with limited supply, you sometimes have to take chances.  At this time, they only have spindle stock, mostly pen blanks, available, although they continue to show the multiple bowl blanks they have sold in the past on their website for reasons I can’t quite fathom.<\/p>\n

Hearne Hardwoods of Pennsylvania is a very reputable dealer in lumber, including Koa, but they do not sell turning blanks.<\/p>\n

Two additional vendors that I was able to locate, although I know nothing about them, both located on the island of Hawai’i itself, are Aloha Woods on the Kona side and Koa Wood Hawai’i on the Hilo side.  However, neither of these vendors sells turning blanks at this time, although I suppose it wouldn’t hurt to ask if they can be made available in the future.<\/p>\n

Woodfinder <\/a>is an excellent website that is dedicated to advertising wood dealers.  In your search for Koa, this can be an invaluable resource provided you use multiple search terms to capture all the possible listings.  I can’t speak to the quality of any of the listed dealers, but Woodfinder does have the advantage of allowing searches to be performed based on location which might allow an interested buyer to visit a listed wood dealer in person to hand pick pieces at a comfortable price.<\/p>\n

A significant problem with using Woodfinder is that many vendors are listed for woods that, upon further investigation, they do not offer.  I don’t know if perhaps once they did and they didn’t update their listings or if some vendors use a standardized list of woods that include most everything conceivable with the idea that once you land on their page you will find something you want to buy even if you didn’t know it beforehand.  It happens to me all the time!<\/p>\n

\"Koa

Koa Bottom<\/p><\/div>\n

Uses<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Not surprisingly, Koa finds uses similar to those found for other rare and expensive hardwoods.  Koa is commonly available as a veneer, for example, and those veneers may be used in furniture, although if one’s pockets are deep enough solid Koa furniture and cabinets do exist.<\/p>\n

Koa is quite famous as a tone wood and is used especially in the manufacture of very high-end musical instruments, especially guitars and ukuleles.  Taylor Swift, for example, is famous for playing a guitar made with highly figured golden Koa.<\/p>\n

Koa is also used in other applications common to exotic and rare woods, including, but not limited to: gunstocks, carvings, bowls, and other turned or specialty wood objects.<\/p>\n

In times past, the leaves and ashes were used medicinally and a red dye was extracted from the bark of the Koa as well.  These uses are today either extinct or quite rare.<\/p>\n

Sustainability<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Koa is not listed as being in any way threatened or endangered by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Appendices<\/a> nor does it appear on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Koa is not subject to special restrictions by any United States government agency, however, local and state rules govern the harvesting of Koa trees.  No mature trees may be felled for timber, even on private property, unless specific permission to do so is obtained.  Such permission is generally only granted when Koa trees are dead or dying and present a danger of falling onto existing structures.  Trees that are removed because they pose a threat of some sort may then be cut and sold for various uses.  These restrictions are a major reason why Koa is in such limited supply but without these restrictions it is highly possible that the remaining mature Koa trees would quickly be logged out.<\/p>\n

While mature Koa trees are rare this isn’t because the tree is difficult to grow.  In fact, in its native environment Koa seedlings grow quite readily and are common.  The problem is cattle ranching.  It might surprise some who think that the entire economy of the State of Hawai’i is based on tourism, and make no mistake tourism is vital, but  Hawai’i also produces a large amount of beef and vast tracts of land, especially on the islands of Hawai’i and Moloka’i have been cleared for pasture land.  Koa seedlings will readily repopulate these cleared areas but cattle routinely graze the seedlings and prevent the growth of mature trees.  In addition, the root zone of the Koa tree is very delicate, even at the surface, and as cattle congregate under Koa trees for shade, the damage to the roots from the weight and the hoofs of the cattle can kill even mature trees.<\/p>\n

Reforestation efforts are actively underway and because the Koa is so easy to grow, including as an ornamental tree, it is likely that the Koa tree will continue to be a part of the native Hawai’ian landscape for many years to come even if it never achieves the wide distribution that it once enjoyed.<\/p>\n

I realize that inherent in working with wood is the killing of a part of the natural world that may be slow to return and if I become deeply concerned about this fact, I will have to find a new hobby.  I hope that such a time does not come to pass or at least not any time soon.  In part because I am concerned about legally and responsibly obtained wood, I am reluctant to buy from sellers outside of well-established and known vendors.  I am highly unlikely, for example, to purchase exotic wood from auction sites, such as Ebay<\/a>, because of uncertain sourcing and documentation, as well as the potential, even likelihood, of material being misidentified in order to achieve a higher selling price.<\/p>\n

However, due to the commercial scarcity of some domestic woods, resorting to auction sites such as Ebay or Etsy <\/a>may be the only way to obtain some desirable domestic, or in some cases exotic imported, species that are not routinely commercially harvested.  The potential risks of buying in these marketplaces have to be balanced against the desire to work with a specific species of wood.  That is inherently an individual decision.<\/p>\n

I also realize that many, if not most, wood workers do not have endangered species lists memorized, therefore I think it worthwhile and important to do even a small amount of research before purchasing any lumber, domestic as well as imported, to be certain of the potential impact you are having, even in a small way, on threatened or endangered populations.  This information is easy to come by and takes only minutes to locate through any Internet search engine, including those you can access on your phone as you are standing in the lumber yard or store.  Unfortunately, you simply cannot count on a vendor to tell you a product they are selling is endangered.<\/p>\n

Health Hazards<\/strong><\/h2>\n

No specific allergic or other negative health reactions have been documented in response to exposure to Koa wood or dust, but the closely related Acacia melanoxylon <\/em>is well known to cause eye, skin, and respiratory irritation in some people.  Because of this known problem with a closely related species, caution is warranted.<\/p>\n

In addition, the long-term negative effects of exposure to sawdust of any species are well documented.<\/p>\n

It is important to remember that although many people may, or may not, be sensitive to any given wood, the only experience that truly counts is your own, so use reported side effects as guidance but not as a substitute for cautious and safe practices.<\/p>\n

Appropriate protective equipment is therefore always recommended when working with this, or any other, wood, exotic or domestic, unless you have worked with the species before and are certain you are not sensitive to it.<\/p>\n

Complete information about health hazards<\/a> associated with a wide variety of exotic hardwoods is available from The Wood Database<\/a>.  Additional information about how to best use a dust collection system and personal protective equipment, such as respirators, can also be found through this excellent and comprehensive resource<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Fortunately, I experienced no negative side effects when working with Koa.<\/p>\n

My Personal Experiences<\/strong><\/h2>\n

My having a piece of Koa was almost an accident.  The relatively small piece I had, about 7” long x 5” wide x 2” thick was obtained at an auction of the equipment and wood accumulated by a wood turner in his 80s who was no longer able to work, and some of his wood stocks had been obtained many years prior at auction from yet another retiring wood turner.  It is impossible to know which of the two originally obtained the piece of Koa that I ended up with, much less how long ago it was harvested or how it ended up in California’s San Joaquin Valley!  About all I could know for certain was that the piece was, thankfully, labelled Koa in faint and small pencil markings otherwise I wouldn’t have guessed that is what it was.  I know that the piece had to be several decades old based on the ages and active time frames of the two wood turners who could have obtained it.<\/p>\n

Because the piece was rectangular I still have a small spindle piece that will be perfect for a large pen or even several bottle stoppers.  It might even make a set of small salt and pepper shakers; time will tell.<\/p>\n

The piece I used had a small bark inclusion left on it and I tried to preserve some of it without success.<\/p>\n

As you would expect from a piece so old, my Koa was very well seasoned and extremely dry.  It did cut quite nicely with carbide cutters from the Easy Wood Tool<\/a> line but due to its age and its dryness it was quite dusty.  As the bowl took shape, the Koa displayed a very nice figure and even some shine.  If I had any doubts about the identification of the wood, comparisons to known examples of Koa would dispel them as the wood clearly looks like Koa once cut and sanded to a high shine with the distinctive figure showing nicely.<\/p>\n

I did find the texture to be somewhat coarse and in that respect it most reminded me of Walnut (Juglans sp<\/em>).  As it turns out, this was not an inapt comparison as professional woodworkers compare the appearance of Koa most often to true Mahogany, as indicated previously, but structurally and functionally Koa is most often compared to Walnut.  It is nice to know that my notes from the time are not wildly inaccurate and it further confirms the accuracy of the written identification on the blank.<\/p>\n

I greatly enjoyed the opportunity to work with Koa as it was a joy to turn and it is truly a beautiful wood once properly surfaced and finished.  While I would gladly work with Koa again, and I can on a limited scale with the cut off piece that I have left, I don’t think it likely that I can afford to purchase additional bowl blank sizes even if they were available.  Sellers on eBay are probably the highest volume source of Koa on the ready market but, as I have indicated, I have serious ethical concerns about eBay sellers and I also don’t care for the auction environment, at least as constructed by eBay with robo-bidders and the like, so I won’t be tempted to purchase from there.  Other sellers don’t seem to offer bowl blank size pieces very often, if at all.<\/p>\n

As a point of pricing reference, a book-matched set of Koa, most suited to stringed instrument making, of a thickness of roughly 1” although by an impressive 18” long x 8” wide, is offered for $399.99 PLUS $44.96 in shipping.  This quite succinctly demonstrates my contentions about both the price of available Koa and the prices of shipping it from Hawai’i. That noted, I won’t be buying this offer!<\/p>\n

Koa may prove to be a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for me and I am grateful to have had the chance to turn it.  If Koa should ever come my way in a reasonably affordable form in the future I am quite likely to snap it up, but even if that never happens, I will have enjoyed the chance I have been fortunate to have with this piece.<\/p>\n

As always, I wish all my readers a great experience in whatever their wood working interests happen to be and to those who like working with lathes especially, do a good turn today!<\/p>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

As you would expect from a piece so old, my Koa was very well seasoned and extremely dry. It did cut quite nicely with carbide cutters from the Easy Wood Tool line but due to its age and its dryness it was quite dusty. As the bowl took shape, the Koa displayed a very nice figure and even some shine. If I had any doubts about the identification of the wood, comparisons to known examples of Koa would dispel them as the wood clearly looks like Koa once cut and sanded to a high shine with the distinctive figure showing nicely.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":175,"featured_media":1998,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[135,128,129,138,139,130],"tags":[154,171,176,181,183,188,254,200,255,217,239,240,241,247],"yoast_head":"\nKoa - Wood Turning Pens ..<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Koa is a wood found only on the six main islands of Hawai'i. 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