{"id":2253,"date":"2017-04-10T04:00:38","date_gmt":"2017-04-10T08:00:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.woodturningpens.com\/?p=2253"},"modified":"2017-02-03T19:32:37","modified_gmt":"2017-02-04T00:32:37","slug":"leopardwood","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.woodturningpens.com\/leopardwood\/","title":{"rendered":"Leopardwood"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Geographic Distribution<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Formally speaking, the wood commonly known as Leopardwood is harvested from the Roupala montana<\/em> tree.  Some sources list R. brasiliensis<\/em> as an acceptable synonym and such situations are not uncommon in taxonomy as different scientists, especially in the taxonomic heydays of the 18th<\/sup> and 19th<\/sup> centuries may have, unknowingly due to difficulty in long distance communications, have independently described and named the same species at different times with different names.<\/p>\n

R. montana<\/em> is native to a large swath of New World forest, ranging from Mexico in the north, through Central America, out to the islands of Trinidad and Tobago, as well as across South America to southern Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay and southern Brazil.<\/p>\n

While that all seems simple and straightforward enough, as is so often the case with tropical hardwoods that acquire commercial common names based on visible features, there is plenty of room for confusion when considering any one piece of wood marketed as “Leopardwood.”<\/p>\n

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Leopardwood Bowl Blanks<\/p><\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

Common look-alikes include members of the Panopsis spp<\/em>., particularly P. rubescens<\/em> and P. sessilifolia<\/em>.  To aid in the confusion both of these species overlap with R. montana<\/em> through large areas of range, although Panopsis spp<\/em>. is restricted to South America only.  Ideally, wood from Panopsis spp<\/em>. trees will be labeled as “Lacewood” or sometimes more specifically “Brazilian Lacewood,” but sometimes it can be sold as Leopardwood.<\/p>\n

Short of microscopic analysis or DNA sequencing, one easy way to distinguish between Roupala spp.<\/em> and Panopsis spp.<\/em> is density and hardness.  Roupala spp. <\/em>is about 3 times harder than Panopsis spp. <\/em>and is likewise about twice as dense.  A piece of true Leopardwood from the Roupala spp.<\/em> will feel similar to a White Oak (Quercus alba<\/em>) while the Panopsis spp.<\/em> sourced wood will be considerably lighter for the same volume of material.<\/p>\n

That isn’t the end of it however because there are two Australian woods, Cardwellia sublimis<\/em> (Northern Silky Oak or Australian Lacewood) and Grevillea robusta<\/em> (Southern Silky Oak) that were the original “Lacewood” sources and thus could be confused with true “Leopardwood” of Roupala spp.<\/em> origin.  Once these Australian species became limited in supply (nowadays, G. robusta<\/em> is grown on plantations in southern Africa) the lumber wholesalers moved on to the Brazilian varieties.  These two Australian look-alikes sometimes appear on the market, although not as commonly as the Brazilian examples, and they might be marketed as Leopardwood, although usually they are sold as Silky Oak or as Australian Lacewood.  In a manner similar to Panopsis spp.<\/em> however, they are considerable softer and less dense than true Roupala spp..<\/em><\/p>\n

And just when you thought it couldn’t get any more complicated, quartersawn Platanus occidentalis<\/em> (American Sycamore) is sometimes marketed as “American Lacewood” and could conceivable be confused with true Roupala spp<\/em>. Leopardwood.  But again, P. occidentalis<\/em> is considerably lighter and less dense, similar in fact to the other so-called Lacewoods.  Distinguishing between those four contenders, however, is a topic for another day!<\/p>\n

Now, finally, and I swear I won’t introduce any other potential look-alikes, it is remotely possible that a highly figured and perfectly quartersawn piece of Querqus alba<\/em> or Q. rubra<\/em> (White and Red Oak, respectively) MIGHT have adequate ray patterning to be considered a “Lacewood” or a “Leopardwood” but this shouldn’t be a common situation.  And that’s a good thing because the density and hardness characteristics of those two species are much more similar to the true Roupala spp.<\/em> Leopardwood that we are intending to discuss once we stop wending our merry way through possible sources of confusion…<\/p>\n

For the sake of simplicity and common understanding, I will refer to Roupala montana <\/em>from this point forward as Leopardwood.<\/p>\n

General Characteristics<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Without question, the most defining characteristic of Leopardwood, the characteristic that gives it its common name, is the presence of highly pronounced medullary ray flecks, especially on quartersawn lumber.<\/p>\n

So, what the heck is a medullary ray?<\/a>  Put as simply as possible, rays are components of the anatomy of a tree.  They are cellular structures that are perpendicular to the growth rings that are essential for the growth and health of the tree as they transport water, minerals, and other organic substances from the center of the tree to the surface.  These structures are very pronounced in some species and hardly visible, or even completely absent, in others.  For some applications, highly pronounced “ray fleck” is desirable while in other larger applications, for example in flooring, the high degree of figure might be distracting and unwanted.  Leopardwood is one of the woods with highest degree of medullary ray fleck patterning and this pattern is what makes the wood desirable for certain applications.<\/p>\n

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Leopardwood Medullary Ray Fleck<\/p><\/div>\n

Aside from the ray fleck pattern, the wood itself is of a medium to dark reddish brown color, generally much darker than any of the other “lacewood” look-alikes.  The rays tend to be of a grey to much lighter brown color which provides great contrast against the darker brown or reddish heartwood.<\/p>\n

The common name “Leopardwood” is due to the resemblance of the ray fleck pattern to a leopard’s spots, although the resemblance requires some degree of fanciful thinking in my opinion.<\/p>\n

Leopardwood has rather coarse texture, due to the ray fleck, and the grain is generally straight.<\/p>\n

The appearance of Leopardwood endgrain is diffuse and porous with small to medium sized pores in tangential rows.  Occasionally heartwood deposits will be present.  Predictably, the very wide rays are easily visible without a lens.<\/p>\n

Although I cannot imagine that it would have great relevance for the most common uses of Leopardwood outside of its native range, Leopardwood is reported to be very durable in terms of resistance to fungal rot and decay.  Resistance to insect attack is not reported, but again, is not likely to be of great concern for most users.<\/p>\n

Working Characteristics<\/strong><\/h2>\n

As is often the case with exotic hardwoods, some of the physical characteristics that make Leopardwood desirable also create difficulty when working with the material.<\/p>\n

Leopardwood is considered by many to be rather difficult to work with because of its high density which can dull cutting edges and make work progress slowly.  Also, the ray fleck pattern figure can lead to issues with tearing, especially during plane operations.  Patience and sharp tools will be rewarded and there are expert opinions<\/a> available about preventing tear out during plane procedures.<\/p>\n

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Leopardwood Lumber<\/p><\/div>\n

Once those potential complications are overcome however, Leopardwood is reported to glue and finish quite well indeed.<\/p>\n

Leopardwood has no characteristic odor when freshly cut or otherwise worked.<\/p>\n

Pricing and Availability<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Leopardwood is not particularly hard to find but it does command a medium to high price relative to other imported hardwoods.<\/p>\n

In this blog, I always recommend several vendors with whom I have done considerable business and in whom I have great confidence.  These vendors are: West Penn Hardwoods<\/a>, Bell Forest Products<\/a>, NC Wood<\/a>, Got Wood?<\/a>, and WoodTurningz<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Of these fine vendors, only Got Wood doesn’t stock Leopardwood, but that is because they specialize in domestic species.<\/p>\n

West Penn Hardwoods is selling a limited range of spindle blank sizes of Leopardwood up to 2” square and 30” long, at a price ranging from $8 to $21 depending on size.  They also sell Leopardwood lumber 4\/4 at $15 per board foot.  They do not stock Leopardwood pen or bowl blanks at this time.<\/p>\n

Bell Forest Products sells exclusively spindle sized pieces of a wide range of sizes from pen blanks and dowels up to 2” square stock up to 24” long.  Prices range from $1.50 through $31 depending on size.  This vendor also sells lumber pieces of Leopardwood, in both 4\/4 and 8\/4 for about $19 per board foot depending on volume.<\/p>\n

NC Wood stocks 3 sizes of spindle blanks with attractive prices as well as a massive 9.5”x9.5”x4” bowl blank for almost $100.<\/p>\n

Finally, WoodTurningz offers 4 sizes of Leopardwood bowl blanks (5” and 6” squares by both 2” and 3” thick) ranging in price from $13.95 to $26.95.  They also stock 2 sizes of foot long spindle blanks (1.5” and 2” square) for $6.95 and $11.95.  They also have pen blanks for $0.95 each.<\/p>\n

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Leopardwood Pen<\/p><\/div>\n

As to which vendor would be best I can’t say, but I would suggest that an interested buyer look at all the options, consider shipping distances and prices, as well as other items that might be of interest from any one seller before selecting a vendor.  I’ve had excellent experiences will all of these vendors and would feel confident purchasing Leopardwood from any of them.<\/p>\n

Woodfinder<\/a> is an excellent website that is dedicated to advertising wood dealers.  In your search for Leopardwood, this can be an invaluable resource provided you use multiple search terms to capture all the possible listings.  I can’t speak to the quality of any of the listed dealers, but Woodfinder does have the advantage of allowing searches to be performed based on location which might allow an interested buyer to visit a listed wood dealer in person to hand pick pieces at a comfortable price.<\/p>\n

A significant problem with using Woodfinder is that many vendors are listed for woods that, upon further investigation, they do not offer.  I don’t know if perhaps once they did and they didn’t update their listings or if some vendors use a standardized list of woods that include most everything conceivable with the idea that once you land on their page you will find something you want to buy even if you didn’t know it beforehand.  It happens to me all the time!<\/p>\n

Uses<\/strong><\/h2>\n

The most common use of Leopardwood, in line with many other highly figured or colored hardwoods, is as a veneer material.  Solid lumber is used to make some very high end cabinetry and other furniture as well.  Musical instruments, especially guitars, have used Leopardwood in construction due to the stunning visual appeal of the ray fleck pattern.  And, of course, Leopardwood is popular for turned objects such as bowls, vases, pens, as well as for carved items such as knife and gun handles.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Leopardwood (with Basswood) Jewelry Box<\/p><\/div>\n

Sustainability<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Leopardwood is not listed as being in any way threatened or endangered by the Convention in International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Appendices<\/a> nor does it appear on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List<\/a>.<\/p>\n

To the best of my knowledge, Leopardwood is not subject to any special restrictions by any United States government agency.<\/p>\n

I realize that inherent in working with wood is the killing of a part of the natural world that may be slow to return and if I become deeply concerned about this fact, I will have to find a new hobby.  I hope that such a time does not come to pass or at least not any time soon.  In part because I am concerned about legally and responsibly obtained wood, I am reluctant to buy from sellers outside of well-established and known vendors.  I am highly unlikely, for example, to purchase any wood from auction sites, such as Ebay, because of uncertain sourcing and documentation, as well as the potential, even likelihood, of material being misidentified in order to achieve a higher selling price.<\/p>\n

However, due to the commercial scarcity of some domestic woods, resorting to auction sites such as Ebay<\/a> or Etsy <\/a>may be the only way to obtain some desirable domestic, or in some cases exotic imported, species that are not routinely commercially harvested.  The potential risks of buying in these marketplaces have to be balanced against the desire to work with a specific species of wood.  That is inherently an individual decision.<\/p>\n

I also realize that many, if not most, wood workers do not have endangered species lists memorized, therefore I think it worthwhile and important to do even a small amount of research before purchasing any lumber, domestic as well as imported, to be certain of the potential impact you are having, even in a small way, on threatened or endangered populations.  This information is easy to come by and takes only minutes to locate through any Internet search engine, including those you can access on your phone as you are standing in the lumber yard or store.  Unfortunately, you simply cannot count on a vendor to tell you a product they are selling is endangered.<\/p>\n

Health Hazards<\/strong><\/h2>\n

No specific adverse health reactions have been reported in direct relation to Leopardwood but other woods belonging to the much larger taxonomic family, Proteaceae<\/em> (one level above genus designation), have been reported to cause eye and skin irritation.<\/p>\n

In addition, the long-term negative effects of exposure to sawdust of any species are well documented.<\/p>\n

It is important to remember that although many people may, or may not, be sensitive to any given wood the only experience that truly counts is your own, so use reported side effects as guidance but not as a substitute for cautious and safe practices.  After all, despite a lack of reported major health effects, turning a bowl blank of Timborana almost killed me through immediate respiratory distress followed by a multiple week long illness, so caution is ALWAYS warranted.<\/p>\n

Appropriate protective equipment is therefore always recommended when working with this, or any other, wood, exotic or domestic, unless you have worked with the species before and are certain you are not sensitive to it.<\/p>\n

But also bear in mind that many of the negative health effects, although certainly not all of them, are associated with high volume contact among industrial users working in mills and other processing facilities where the amount of contact with dust and wood is much higher than would ever be realistic for a hobbyist user.<\/p>\n

Complete information about health hazards<\/a> associated with a wide variety of exotic hardwoods is available from The Wood Database<\/a>.  Additional information about how to best use a dust collection system and personal protective equipment, such as respirators, can also be found through this excellent and comprehensive resource<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Fortunately, I experienced no negative side effects when working with Leopardwood.<\/p>\n

My Personal Experiences                        <\/strong><\/h2>\n

I found Leopardwood to be an interesting material to turn.  The high density and hardness make it an excellent turning wood but I did find that the coarse texture made it difficult to achieve a truly fine finish even with careful sanding through progressively finer grits.  The ray fleck pattern is visually stunning, especially on a smaller piece such as this pen.  The wood accepted the cyanoacrylate pen finish quite nicely and the darker color showed through dramatically in contrast to the lighter colored rays.<\/p>\n

I have larger pieces of Leopardwood in my shop stocks and I intend to make bowl sizes pieces in the near future.  Once those are ready for prime time I will be sure to display them here.<\/p>\n

As always, I wish all my readers a great experience in whatever their wood working interests happen to be and to those who like working with lathes especially, do a good turn today!<\/p>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

So, what the heck is a medullary ray? Put as simply as possible, rays are components of the anatomy of a tree. They are cellular structures that are perpendicular to the growth rings that are essential for the growth and health of the tree as they transport water, minerals, and other organic substances from the center of the tree to the surface. These structures are very pronounced in some species and hardly visible, or even completely absent, in others. For some applications, highly pronounced \u201cray fleck\u201d is desirable while in other larger applications, for example in flooring, the high degree of figure might be distracting and unwanted. Leopardwood is one of the woods with highest degree of medullary ray fleck patterning and this pattern is what makes the wood desirable for certain applications.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":175,"featured_media":2194,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[141,128,138,130],"tags":[149,161,180,183,188,200,210,214,217,221,226,239,240,247,249],"yoast_head":"\nLeopardwood - Wood Turning Pens ..<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Leopardwood is best known and loved for its very pronounced ray fleck pattern figure which is very visually striking and distinctive when viewed first time.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.woodturningpens.com\/leopardwood\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Leopardwood - 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