{"id":2271,"date":"2017-04-24T04:00:45","date_gmt":"2017-04-24T08:00:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.woodturningpens.com\/?p=2271"},"modified":"2017-02-11T18:00:32","modified_gmt":"2017-02-11T23:00:32","slug":"monkeypod","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.woodturningpens.com\/monkeypod\/","title":{"rendered":"Monkeypod"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Geographic Distribution<\/strong><\/h2>\n

The tree, and the wood which it yields, commonly known and sold as Monkeypod, although Rain Tree is also a contender for most common name, is known to the botanical community as Albizia saman<\/em>, which has supplanted the now obsolete name Samanea saman<\/em>.  However, remain aware of this outdated name as it is still quite commonly used in reference to this tree and its wood.<\/p>\n

A. saman<\/em> is native to an area stretching from the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico, into Guatemala and southward through Central America as far south as Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil. Some sources claim that A. saman<\/em> is especially common in Venezuela.<\/p>\n

However, for multiple reasons, A. saman<\/em> became one of the most widely distributed ornamental, and useful, trees in the world.  It was carried into the Caribbean first and from there to Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, especially to Hawai’i, and ultimately can now be found anywhere in the tropical region which bands the center of the globe.  In fact, A. saman<\/em> is the most commonly planted tree in the entire nation of Singapore with over 20,000 known.<\/p>\n

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Monkeypod Tree<\/p><\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

Unfortunately, some of the same characteristics that made A. saman<\/em> popular, i.e. fast growth throughout a variety of tropical soils and seed consumption and dispersion by wildlife, has allowed it to become widely invasive throughout the tropics where it can readily outcompete slower growing native species.<\/p>\n

The common name of Monkeypod is derived from an even older botanical genus classification Pithecellobium<\/em>, which means “monkey earring” in Greek, presumably in reference to the seed pods.  Monkeypod is generally considered a common name of Hawai’ian derivation while elsewhere A. saman<\/em> is more widely known as “Raintree” because the leaves fold inward at night, or under heavy cloud cover which allows the rain to fall through to the ground below, which keeps grass green and growing right up to the trunk, an especially valued characteristic in a park setting.<\/p>\n

Within the United States, A. saman<\/em> is widely planted in Hawai’i, but also in Florida, the Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico.  Other United States territories, including Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and American Samoa should be capable of supporting the species, but I cannot document the presence of A. saman<\/em> in these additional areas with certainty.  My sample of A. saman<\/em> originated as an ornamental tree in Florida.<\/p>\n

For the sake of simplicity and common understanding, I will refer to A. saman<\/em> from this point forward as Monkeypod.<\/p>\n

General Characteristics<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Monkeypod heartwood tends to be brown when freshly cut but this color softens and turns more golden-brown upon exposure to air and light.  Unlike the situation with many colorful tropical hardwoods, this color shift tends to make the wood more beautiful instead of less so.  Sometimes there are streaks of even darker brown color present in the heartwood.<\/p>\n

The sapwood of Monkeypod is yellow to white in color.  The sapwood is usually thin and quite clearly demarcated from the heartwood.  Pieces of Monkeypod that include both heartwood and sapwood can be especially striking because of the sharp contrasts in color between the two.<\/p>\n

Sometimes pieces of Monkeypod will appear that feature highly figured curly or otherwise wild and unusual grain patterns.  Pieces with these wild grain patterns will command a much higher price than unfigured wood.<\/p>\n

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Monkeypod Bowl Interior<\/p><\/div>\n

As noted above, the grain of Monkeypod is usually straight but it can be interlocked or wavy on occasion.<\/p>\n

The texture of Monkeypod is notably medium to coarse with medium to large open pores, which might require filling if a perfectly smooth and flat finish is required.<\/p>\n

Monkeypod displays only a moderate natural luster even when quite finely surfaced.<\/p>\n

Monkeypod endgrain presents as diffuse and porous with the large pores in no specific arrangement.  Heartwood deposits are occasionally present.  The growth rings are indistinct and the rays are not usually visible without a lens.<\/p>\n

Surprisingly for a wood of such low density and softness, Monkeypod is rated as durable to very durable in terms of its resistance to fungal rot and decay.  And, Monkeypod is resistant to most insect attacks as well.<\/p>\n

Working Characteristics<\/strong><\/h2>\n

The most immediately obvious working characteristic of Monkeypod is that it is quite soft and lightweight, and yet, it is also quite strong and very structurally stable with almost no movement in use.<\/p>\n

Monkeypod is considered quite easy to work with both machine and hand powered tools, most likely due to its extreme softness and low density.  However, as is often the case with a soft and low density wood, is can be quite difficult, if not outright impossible, to achieve extremely clean cuts because Monkeypod, like most low density woods tends to leave fuzzy surfaces behind.<\/p>\n

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Monkeypod Bowl Exterior<\/p><\/div>\n

Fuzzed or even torn surfaces are much more common when working with interlocked grain or highly figured pieces of Monkeypod.  One way to overcome this problem is to work with figured Monkeypod while the wood is still green as this will greatly reduce difficulties due to tearing during machining operations, including plane operations.  This is a safe and good approach with Monkeypod because the wood moves so little during drying that there is minimal risk of distortion or warping of any type as the wood dries.<\/p>\n

Monkeypod is known to glue easily and to take a finish quite well.<\/p>\n

Monkeypod is not reported to feature any specific odor when freshly cut or otherwise worked.<\/p>\n

Pricing and Availability<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Monkeypod is most commonly available in lumber formats as well as smaller sizes sold as craft wood while turning blanks in either bowl or spindle sizes tend to be much less common.<\/p>\n

Prices for Monkeypod are going to be in the mid to high range for an imported wood, although if one is looking to Monkeypod as an alternative to Koa<\/a>, which it resembles, then Monkeypod prices will be generally lower than those commanded by Koa.<\/p>\n

As is essentially universal in the lumber world, Monkeypod boards or blanks that feature figured grain patterns will command much higher prices when available.<\/p>\n

In this blog, I always recommend several vendors with whom I have done considerable business and in whom I have great confidence.  These vendors are: West Penn Hardwoods<\/a>, Bell Forest Products<\/a>, NC Wood<\/a>, Got Wood?<\/a>, and WoodTurningz<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Of these vendors, only West Penn Hardwoods and WoodTurningz are offering any Monkeypod at this time.<\/p>\n

Woodturningz only offers Monkeypod in pen blank size at a cost of $1.50 each.<\/p>\n

West Penn Hardwoods offers Monkeypod in lumber formats, 4\/4, for $10 per board foot, although short lengths will sell for as little as $7.99 per board foot.  In addition, for the truly ambitious with deep pockets, West Penn Hardwoods sells a wide range of full Monkeypod slabs, all for multiple hundreds of dollars, or more.<\/p>\n

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Monkeypod Bowl Blanks<\/p><\/div>\n

So, what is a wood turner to do who has his or her heart set on trying Monkeypod?<\/p>\n

I have worked with a few other vendors in the past, several of whom offer Monkeypod.  I have had varying degrees of experience with these vendors so I offer them solely as a courtesy without any implied or explicit endorsement.<\/p>\n

Exotic Woods USA<\/a>, at this time, has just one small spindle of Monkeypod, but they have sold a wide range of it in the past and may do so again.<\/p>\n

Wood Turning Blanks 4U<\/a> offers, by far, the best range of bowl blank sizes of Monkeypod that I can find with sizes ranging from 4”x3” round for $3.67 up to a monster 16” x 4” for $78.22.<\/p>\n

Be aware that every single blank that I have purchased from Wood Turning Blanks 4U arrives with some degree, often quite an extensive degree, of mold on the surface despite having been at least lightly waxed at some point.  This exterior mold did not seem to adversely affect my piece of Monkeypod but woods that are more susceptible to fungal rot might not fare as well.<\/p>\n

I don’t know how this vendor stores his stocks but it almost seems as though they are stored outside completely unprotected from the Florida rainfall and humidity.  That said this vendor is the source with the most Monkeypod stock available that I can find in a wide range of sizes at reasonable prices.<\/p>\n

In addition, the woods they sell are harvested from ornamental trees removed for reasons of tree health or structural safety.  My Monkeypod blank had extensive insect damage in the form of holes, and while I find this insect damage appealing, I am aware than many wood turners do not.  My advice is to approach at your own risk with your own expectations.  I have worked well with this vendor in the past but I am aware they might not be everyone’s cup of tea.<\/p>\n

Two other vendors I have located, but with whom I have zero experience are: Cook Woods<\/a> (not a vendor I have used but one with an excellent general reputation) and Bob’s Exotic Woods<\/a> about whom I know nothing.<\/p>\n

As to which vendor would be best I can’t say, but I would suggest that an interested buyer look at all the options, consider shipping distances and prices, as well as other items that might be of interest from any one seller before selecting a vendor.<\/p>\n

Woodfinder <\/a>is an excellent website that is dedicated to advertising wood dealers.  In your search for Monkeypod, this can be an invaluable resource provided you use multiple search terms to capture all the possible listings.  I can’t speak to the quality of any of the listed dealers, but Woodfinder does have the advantage of allowing searches to be performed based on location which might allow an interested buyer to visit a listed wood dealer in person to hand pick pieces at a comfortable price.<\/p>\n

A significant problem with using Woodfinder is that many vendors are listed for woods that, upon further investigation, they do not offer.  I don’t know if perhaps once they did and they didn’t update their listings or if some vendors use a standardized list of woods that include most everything conceivable with the idea that once you land on their page you will find something you want to buy even if you didn’t know it beforehand.  It happens to me all the time!<\/p>\n

Uses<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Monkeypod finds many of the same uses as other tropical hardwoods, but the specific uses, decorative versus brute utility, are highly dependent on where in the world the wood is being used.<\/p>\n

In areas where the wood is native, or otherwise common, it might be used in the manufacture of unglamorous plywood, millwork or trim pieces, even in general construction.<\/p>\n

Because of Monkeypod’s ability to resist rot, it is also used in boat building.<\/p>\n

But in areas where the wood is less common, it is reserved for applications such as veneers, especially if the grain is curly or otherwise figured.  Monkeypod may also be used for making fine cabinetry or furniture.<\/p>\n

Monkeypod, in some areas, is extremely popular as a carving or other craft wood where it is used to make highly prized and expensive items such as bowls, boxes, pens, knife handles, and other small specialty items created by carvers or wood turners.  In fact, in Hawai’i, bowls and other craft items are in such high demand that local supplies of Monkeypod wood are supplemented with imports from Indonesia and the Philippines.<\/p>\n

One particularly special use of Monkeypod is in the manufacture of high-end string instruments, especially guitars and ukuleles.  Many ukulele players prefer an instrument made from a “native” Hawai’ian wood and while we know that Monkeypod is not native to Hawai’i at all, it is some commonly naturalized in the islands that many people in Hawai’i think of it as being a native tree.<\/p>\n

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Monkeypod Guitar<\/p><\/div>\n

Finally, Monkeypod produces a prodigious amount of heat when burned, and the tree regrows vigorously after even severe limb removal, making it an excellent source of firewood and charcoal, a use that accounts for its widespread planting in areas that required fuel for newly installed railways, beginning in Sri Lanka.  However, in areas where there is a strong market for wood carvings, the wood is considered too valuable to be used any longer as a fuel source.<\/p>\n

The seed pods of the Monkeypod are edible, but are not typically eaten by humans although both domesticated and wild animals do enjoy them.  The seed pods have also found use in some traditional medicines as well.<\/p>\n

Sustainability<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Monkeypod is not listed as being in any way threatened or endangered by the Convention in International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Appendices<\/a> nor does it appear on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List<\/a>.<\/p>\n

To the best of my knowledge, Monkeypod is not subject to any special restrictions by any United States government agency.<\/p>\n

I realize that inherent in working with wood is the killing of a part of the natural world that may be slow to return and if I become deeply concerned about this fact, I will have to find a new hobby.  I hope that such a time does not come to pass or at least not any time soon.  In part because I am concerned about legally and responsibly obtained wood, I am reluctant to buy from sellers outside of well-established and known vendors.  I am highly unlikely, for example, to purchase any wood from auction sites, such as Ebay<\/a>, because of uncertain sourcing and documentation, as well as the potential, even likelihood, of material being misidentified in order to achieve a higher selling price.<\/p>\n

However, due to the commercial scarcity of some domestic woods, resorting to auction sites such as Ebay or Etsy<\/a> may be the only way to obtain some desirable domestic, or in some cases exotic imported, species that are not routinely commercially harvested.  The potential risks of buying in these marketplaces have to be balanced against the desire to work with a specific species of wood.  That is inherently an individual decision.<\/p>\n

I also realize that many, if not most, wood workers do not have endangered species lists memorized, therefore I think it worthwhile and important to do even a small amount of research before purchasing any lumber, domestic as well as imported, to be certain of the potential impact you are having, even in a small way, on threatened or endangered populations.  This information is easy to come by and takes only minutes to locate through any Internet search engine, including those you can access on your phone as you are standing in the lumber yard or store.  Unfortunately, you simply cannot count on a vendor to tell you a product they are selling is endangered.<\/p>\n

Health Hazards<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Severe adverse reactions to Monkeypod appear to be rare but Monkeypod dust has been reported and listed as an eye irritant.<\/p>\n

In addition, the long-term negative effects of exposure to sawdust of any species are well documented.<\/p>\n

It is important to remember that although many people may, or may not, be sensitive to any given wood the only experience that truly counts is your own, so use reported side effects as guidance but not as a substitute for cautious and safe practices.  After all, despite a lack of reported major health effects, turning a bowl blank of Timborana almost killed me through immediate respiratory distress followed by a multiple week long illness, so caution is ALWAYS warranted.<\/p>\n

Appropriate protective equipment is therefore always recommended when working with this, or any other, wood, exotic or domestic, unless you have worked with the species before and are certain you are not sensitive to it.<\/p>\n

But also bear in mind that many of the negative health effects, although certainly not all of them, are associated with high volume contact among industrial users working in mills and other processing facilities where the amount of contact with dust and wood is much higher than would ever be realistic for a hobbyist user.<\/p>\n

Complete information about health hazards<\/a> associated with a wide variety of exotic hardwoods is available from The Wood Database<\/a>.  Additional information about how to best use a dust collection system and personal protective equipment, such as respirators, can also be found through this excellent and comprehensive resource<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Unfortunately, I did not have a pleasant initial experience working with Monkeypod.  From the first cut of the blank I could distinctly sense discomfort with breathing as a sharp scent filled my nostrils and sinuses, but not a smell so much as a sharp discomfort.  From experience, I recognized this as a potential sensitivity and immediately donned my N-95 dust mask (which I am aware I should have been wearing regardless, just as I do with my safely glasses) and I was especially careful to wear it during sanding.  However, despite this precaution I developed a low grade fever that night of about 100 degrees, significant sinus congestion and a generally unwell feeling that caused me to sleep most of the next day.  When I proceeded to finish the bowl I was careful to use the dust mask the entire time and I experienced much less discomfort and no lingering problems the following day.<\/p>\n

I realize it could all be a coincidence but after the experience with Timborana I am taking few to no chances with potential wood allergies.  Just because a negative reaction hasn’t been officially reported and documented somewhere doesn’t mean you can’t experience one all the same.<\/p>\n

My Personal Experiences<\/strong><\/h2>\n

The first thing I noticed about my rather small bowl blank of Monkeypod was that it was quite lightweight.  This concerned me because low density woods are sometimes difficult to turn because they do not take a fine cut surface.  I was however encouraged by the presence of a band of light colored sapwood that I very much wanted to be able to retain in the finished piece.<\/p>\n

The wood was very soft and on the cross grain areas the cut was abysmal.  Rarely have I seen a wood cut so rough, even with a freshly sharpened bowl gouge or with the use of carbide cutter heads.  For the most part the wood looked grossly gouged out, a degree of tear out such as I have rarely ever seen.  But, on the areas where the cut was with the grain the finish cut was quite smooth, so I knew it wasn’t tools or technique that was the problem.<\/p>\n

I thought that perhaps, given the state of the mold on the exterior of the blank, that some degree of rot was present, but again, the tearing was limited to cross grain areas so I couldn’t believe that it was a systemic problem with the wood either.<\/p>\n

Fortunately, one advantage of the softness of Monkeypod is that it sands incredibly fast to a smooth surface although one that is still visible porous.  It was necessary to regularly use compressed air to blow the sanding dust out of the pores to accurately assess the success of the sanding process.<\/p>\n

I have already addressed the possible negative health impacts that the dust, especially, had on me, but it bears repeating that different woods can cause different adverse reactions in different people, so always use appropriate protective tools and measures when exposure to wood dust is likely.<\/p>\n

My piece of Monkeypod had a good deal of insect borer holes, some of which pass completely through the finished piece.  Personally, I don’t mind these holes because for me it simply represents part of the natural variability and beauty of wood, but for some wood turners this would mean the piece was useless except as firewood.  An additional degree of appreciation for this damage for me personally is because I know that the vendor from whom I bought this piece of Monkeypod only sells wood harvested from trees that have been removed due to disease or due to posing a risk to structures or people<\/a>.  Such trees well might have some degree of insect damage but the sustainability of this harvesting approach appeals to me as well.<\/p>\n

After an easy sanding process, I applied a coat of liquid Shellawax<\/a>, my usual favorite finish for turned bowls.  The Monkeypod greedily drank up the finish into those big pores and I have to liberally apply the finish to achieve a nice smooth and consistent finish.  I noticed that the color of the wood darkened rather appreciably with the application of the finish, but as this color shift was universal and consistent I wasn’t displeased with the outcome.<\/p>\n

Despite having some difficulties with the dust exposure with Monkeypod and difficulties achieving a clean cut finish, I enjoyed working with this new material.  Now that I know what to expect, I would be better prepared by wearing a dust mask for all cuts instead of waiting for only the sanding phase.  And I would know that regardless of how sharp a tool I might be using, some degree of, even significant, cross and end grain tearout would be expected but that the softness of the wood would allow for quite easy sanding of even the most difficult areas.  Having this knowledge ahead of time would allow me to focus on the natural beauty of the wood which does rather greatly resemble Koa, although it is much lighter and less dense.  In fact, the lightness and low density have their own pleasant surprise because even a very large bowl would still be quite light and airy when picked up which would provide a certain degree of surprise to a user who wasn’t familiar with the wood.<\/p>\n

When I first encountered the adverse respiratory reaction I thought that I would never use Monkeypod again, but now that I have finished the piece and know that a simple dust mask will resolve the worst of the concerns, I might just try to find a much larger piece to make a large, but still very lightweight, bowl in the future.<\/p>\n

As always, I wish all my readers a great experience in whatever their wood working interests happen to be and to those who like working with lathes especially, do a good turn today!<\/p>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Monkeypod heartwood tends to be brown when freshly cut but this color softens and turns more golden-brown upon exposure to air and light. Unlike the situation with many colorful tropical hardwoods, this color shift tends to make the wood more beautiful instead of less so. 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